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Thursday, January 20, 2011

Application of Ultrasonic Wave Type Power Ultrasound in Processing Extraction of Natural Antioxidant Pinang Seed (Areca catechu)


             Synthetic antioxidants is one of an additive substance which is often added  on food products. Depend on research and medical tested, synthetic antioxidants can increase the occurrence of carcinogenesis, so the use of natural antioxidants are increasing. Pinang has phenolic compounds that function as antioxidants. To get the antioxidant compounds in areca seed, it need extraction process. Extraction process is done by applying ultrasonic wave (power ultrasound type) to accelerate the occurrence of cell damage.
            The aim of this research was to determine the frequency and duration of ultrasonic wave extraction process used to obtain the best extraction results and the influence on the yield and antioxidant activity generated.
            This research was prepared using Random Group Design with 2 factors. Factor I, which is an ultrasonic frequency (19.8 KHz and 29.8 KHz) and Factor II is the long process of extraction (10, 15, and 20 minutes), where each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and BNT test 1%. If there is interaction, then followed by DMRT test with a confidence interval 1%. The best treatment method is selected by Multiple Attribute by Zeleny. The best treatment results compared with controls (maceration) using t test
            The results showed that the treatment frequency and duration of ultrasonic wave extraction provides a very significant interaction (α = 0.01) toward parameter of tannin and total phenol content, significant (α = 0.01) to antioxidant activity, yield of extract, the level of brightness (L*) and intensity of red color (a+), significant (α = 0.05) on the color yellow (b+) and no significant effect on pH.
            The best areca seed extract produced from the treatment frequency ultrasonic wave extraction of 29.53 kHz and 15 minutes. Areca seed extract the best characteristics are as follows: 36.15% tannin content; Total phenol 49.43%; effective inhibitory concentration of radicals 85.19%; EC50 14,836 µg / ml; yield extract 30.22%, pH 4.8; level of brightness (L*) 25.33; intensity red (a+) 28.60; and intensity of the color yellow (b+) 10.9. Results of t test between the best treatment and control showed highly significant differences (α = 0.01) on the parameters of tannin content, phenol content, and the level of redness (a+). At the effective concentration of antioxidant activity parameters, yield and level of brightness (L*) showed significant differences (α = 0.05). While the parameter of pH and the level of yellow (b+) was not significantly different.

Keywords: Areca seed, extraction, antioxidant, ultrasonic waves

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